A platform ticket is a ticket that allows you to enter a platform if it is protected by barrier gates or the operators require you to. It does not allow you authority to travel or board a train.
How do you get a platform ticket?
You can obtain them from the station ticket office, they are sold for 10 pence per ticket. If you are assisting a disabled person to their train, you do not need one if they are the only person travelling
What about stations without staff or barriers?
You'll likely not need one, but you should always check local signage and the train operator. If one is not needed, you can simply enter the station platform.
You can learn more about platform tickets and the operators who issue them on the National Rail Platform Ticket information page.